. . . I have been studying recently the way in which 
all electric media promote the globe to the status of 
a tribal drum. I began to ask myself, what was the 
most obvious and massive change which occurred 
in the ’20s and ’30s upon the advent of radio. The 
answer is fascism or tribalism. Even in Scotland, 
Wales and Ireland, not nationalism, but tribalism 
became evident, but one has only to look at those 
parts of the world which have never been 
detribalized or defeudalized in order to see the 
meaning of radio. This may include Russia. It 
certainly includes China, India and Africa, where 
terrible new tribal intensity overlayers futile efforts 
of detribalization by means of literacy. In this